Temperature-dependent impact tests Essay Example for Free

Temperature-dependent impact tests Essay Purpose This lab was performed to fully comprehend the temperature dependency of the fracture toughness of the Aluminum and Steel. It was also executed to discover the ductile-brittle transition of each. Summary The experiment solidified the hypothesis that the 6061 aluminum has no ductile-to-brittle transition do to its FCC crystal structure. The 1018 steel has a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of -31Â ºC due to its BCC crystal structure. Results Figure 1: Graph of fracture energy vs. temperature for entire class data From Figure 1 one can determine that steel has a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature at -31Â ºC requiring a large increase in energy required to fracture over the temperature range. Also it can be determined that aluminum has no ductile to brittle transition due to the almost nonexistent change in fracture energy over the temperature range. Figure 2:Â  Photos of the fracture of each specimen for each testing temperature From the photos in Figure 2 one can see that the Aluminum fracture remains relatively constant throughout the temperature range. This shows plastic deformation due to its ductile behavior throughout the testing temperatures. The steel on the other hand is brittle at the colder temperatures and from the pictures you can see the grain boundaries are more visible and course. This represents a brittle failure. As the temperature increases, the grains become smoother as seen in the photos, which denote a transition to plastic deformation for a more ductile steel. Conclusion The results show that for the 1018 steel the fracture energy increases over the temperature increase, while for the 6061 aluminum the fracture energy stays relatively constant throughout the temperature increase. In the Figure 2 photos, the aluminum is relatively constant on the surface of the fracture. There is a smooth appearance to the grains on the surface of the aluminum, displaying plastic deformation. For the steel, the grains are jagged and rough at the lower temperatures, displaying shearing of the grains, but as the temperature increases the surface becomes smooth like the aluminum. The crystal structure of the 1018 steel is a BCC when the 6061 Aluminum has a FCC. For a BCC crystal structure there is ductile-to-brittle transition due to cleavage in the grains, but in a FCC crystal structure cleavage is nonexistent therefore no ductile-to-brittle transition occurs. In conclusion the 1018 steel has ductile-to-brittle transition.

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay Example for Free

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay In Malcolm Gladwell’s The Outliers, his goal is to convince the reader that â€Å"people don’t rise from nothing† and that â€Å" we do owe something to parentage and patronage. † Although certain people’s success requires prerequisites of talent and knowledge. I agree with Gladwell that it is not solely because of these talents that these people are successful. However, their success most often is dependant on one’s past good fortune. For example, when or where one was born and raised, one’s cultural background and family legacies, one’s schooling, and many other factors, create opportunities for success where these talents can be utilized. Although some people are thought to have risen from nothing or to have gone from rags to riches, the fact is no one is capable of creating their own success without the help of others and good fortunes along the way. In this passage, a point that Gladwell points out is that success can be created by parentage and patronage, hidden advantages and opportunities, cultural backgrounds and family legacies. An example of the importance of one’s cultural backgrounds and family influence is the way we are raised. Our parents, as our first teachers have a big role in who will become in our lives; they teach us how to interact with other people, how to act in certain situations and how to present ourselves to others. The different religious and cultural backgrounds of our parents, and also the way our parents were raised have an enormous impact on the way our parents raise us. As a parent, the balancing of strictness, pressure, giving, loving, helping, and withholding, among other factors can be difficult, with the question being what balance is the best to raise a child. Because we are all raised in different ways everyone has different views on how to raise a child based on their knowledge of how they were raised. This proves that the way we are raised can make the difference in our success. An example of how parentage and patronage play a role in one’s success is sometimes evident in schooling. Everyday people acquire things they may not deserve because of their family and who they may know. A very common example of this is the use of legacies for admission into a university. Students use their parental legacies at schools all the time and depending on the school this can have an impact on the student’s admission to the school. Another strategy applicants use to help their admission into a school is to search for someone to write their recommendation letter that will have the most amount of influence on the admissions office. Another example of how â€Å"whom you know† can make the difference in one’s success is when looking for jobs. If your aunt, father, grandfather or friend owns or works at a successful business and they help you get a job, sometimes right out of college even if you aren’t as qualified as someone else who wants the job. This way, you are getting an opportunity that you wouldn’t have had otherwise that could make the difference of your success. Therefore, everyday instances like using legacies to get into college, inquiring jobs because of nepitism, or even getting moved up to an honors class because your mom called the school can create success for our futures. In this excerpt from Malcom Gladwell’s The Outliers, Gladwell makes the point that success requires help from others and good fortune to get ahead and become successful. I think whether we realize it or not we are always using advantages we have to get ahead in our own lives, in order to set us up for a more successful future.

A Study On Sexism In Mexico

A Study On Sexism In Mexico The Machismo, how is it called in Mexico and latinamercia is a set of beliefs claiming that real or alleged differences between women and men establishing the superiority of one sex over the other. Also known as discrimination or devaluation based on a persons sex, as in restricted job opportunities; especially, such discrimination directed against women Mexican society in general has been classified in the past as a male-dominated society in which women did not have the same rights as men to be categorized by their sex. In the year of 1953 was the first time in Mexico that women could exercise their vote in the elections, only a few years ago in our country, women did not work and just took care of the housework, was battered and bruised, in most cases the authority ignore the abuses of force by the male. 57 years ago women voted for the first time in elections and in this short spam of time we have seen dramatic changes in the thinking of society, although there are still so many people that have the same ideology that years ago. According to the First National Survey on Discrimination say that one in five Mexicans believe that it is natural to prohibit more things to women than to men, one in three believe that it is normal that men earn more than women, and almost one in ten Mexicans agree that women are raped because they provoke men. In addition, one in five women believes that women themselves are responsible for discrimination against them As we can see in these Survey, even if the ideology or mentality has changed over the decades we can notice that there are still a huge percentage of the population that still discriminate women It seems that in 2012, gender equality in society is already a thing of the past. Although macho culture is still dominating society as we can see in the survey, it is hard to believe these results, when it is said that in Mexico is making progress on issues of discrimination and gender inequality. When looking at the results of this poll. I think Machismo/Sexism in Mexico would be very difficult to remove if we dont change the way of thinking directly from our homes to treat in the same way boys and girls, so we finish the custom that has been inculcated from generation to generation and has been the first reason that made Mexico a Sexism Society. It is very disappointing to find these results and know that many men feel that women are inferior and deserve different treatment. because as can be seen the man is still seen as the work figure, while the woman is still seen as the one that have to care and raise children and do all the housework. The aim of this work is to find a better way to live along between men and women which lies not only in respect but also in equality, although the society has evolved there are still traces of discrimination against women. This paper will release how Sexism against women affects the society, touching the theme of gender roles as well as the consequences of this. The Sexism/Machismo traditionally has been associated with subordination of family roles and favor and welfare to men, therefore it is deemed to assign less tiring work for men, because they are the breadwinners of the house. A part of Sexism is the use of some type of systematic violence against women in order to maintain an emotional or psychological control on them, further it punished any feminine behavior (some examples as: Men dont cry, men cannot express their feelings, etc) in a men and from these mentality is the base of Homophobia, the worst punishment a sexist could receive is to have a gay familiar, because it demonstrate that their blood and family name is weak and from these idea the discrimination against homosexuals is huge. Sexism has been an element of social control and sexist exploitation in many cultures. Some factors that have contributed to its survival and continuity -Discriminatory laws against women. -Treatment difference in the case of adultery: -In some cultures adultery and pregnancy before marriage is punished with death. -Permission from male for economic activities -Denial of right to vote or other civil -Sexist education in school and home Religious discrimination in different religions all over the world as example of some are in Muslim countries predominated as the old Taliban regime of Afghanistan, in certain branches of Christianity as Mormonism, in the orthodox Jews, Hinduism, etc. Sexist division of labor, whereby men prefer other men in decision making jobs position (originally the sexist division was based on the difference in physical capacity and muscular), in which men had comparative advantage. However in modern technological societies force is irrelevant, being more important intellectual abilities and social skills. It also refers to a payment of lower wages to women than men in exchange of the same work. Now at days rarely we heard stories of men who do not allow their wives or daughters to study or work. Almost 40% of women of working age are in employment, the number of students enrolled in colleges and universities is divided equally between the sexes, Women are increasingly aware of their rights and demand equal treatment in the workplace and in politics. Under these conditions, Machismo has mutated. Today is based more on control and psychological coercion or discrimination in physical restraints. In a sense, machismo has gone underground. Deeply buried in our daily habits, is almost invisible in the educated or high classes, invisible but always present. It is possible that in many areas women are consider as equal to men. In Mexico, women do not own their time. When they go out, spend money, see their friends, they are still expected to tell with detail their schedule of their daily activities to their Parents, brothers, boyfriends and husbands, but men do not accept to be asked. At home, men can say Do not bother me, Im watching TV, but women do not, because they are supposed to be available night and day for her husband and children. These double standards are now a pillar of machismo. Surveys show that men are willing to go to the supermarket or children take over for a while, but refuse to iron, sew, cut vegetables or clean the oven or bathroom, because these tasks are considered unmanly. The men help, but within rigidly defined parameters. This division of labor in all areas of life means that both men and women are still surprisingly inept for the tasks assigned to the opposite sex. We can see educated and successful men who dont know how to make a cup of coffee and professional women who have no idea about how to change a fuse. So machismo creates people with only half of the Conclusion to end of Sexism/Machismo. Share the work that has traditionally been considered womens work. Challenge the notion to both men and women that boys are by nature aggressive and violent. Stand firm that it is only hard conditioning that makes anyone act this way. Stand firm that boys are just like girls, and girls as boys Encourage men to feel and express all our feelings. Mens largest conditioning comes from being forced to act like we have no feelings (like Big boys dont cry, Youre acting like a girl ). This conditioning is what eventually makes men take on all of the inhuman roles we are expected to play in society. Support womens leadership. Model non-sexist behavior everywhere. Tell and show men and women that eliminating sexism is a primary focus in your life. The presence of sexism in society is hurtful to everyone, not just women. Its elimination will enhance every human beings life. Educate the new generations with the idea that boys and girls are equal with the same rights and responsibilities, and are able or capable to do anything.

Citizens from France and The Netherlands rejected the Constitutional Tr

There have always been controversies surrounding the treaties in the post-Maastricht era. Such practices did not pass by the Constitutional and Lisbon treaties. The rejection of these two treaties had a major political impact on Europe as a whole. 29th of May 2005, was a memorable day in the history of the European Union. That particular date is connected with the referendum in France, regarding the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty and most importantly with the ‘non’ votes that were louder than the ‘oui’ votes. The citizen’s voice clearly stated that further integration amongst member states shall not be perceived through the Constitutional Treaty. Furthermore, just two days later Dutch referendum also stated the same as French. These ‘non’(s) and ‘nee’(s) threw Europe into a constitutional crisis. Three years later, the Lisbon Treaty was about to change everything, a step closer to an ever-close union. The treaty wa s already ratified in number of countries. It was Ireland’s citizens turn to decide on that matter with a referendum. 12th of June 2008, was the very date that Irishmen said ‘no’ to the treaty. Both of those failures of the treaties sent shockwaves all over Europe. Number of articles and official barometer polls looked after the referendum to try to project the main reasons behind the rejections. Certain aspects of the implication that drove the French and Irish public to halt further integration between states, are more or the less the same. For example, aspects of lack of knowledge and understandment of the treaties due to their complexity, common nationalistic and political views, just to name a few, are fundamental ideas behind the ‘noes’. However, there are also significant differences in the implications... ...) of the voters highlighted the insufficient knowledge they had on the treaty. Furthermore, a survey carried out by Irish Times/TNS mrbi (cited in O’Brien & Oakley, 2008) showed that 30% of ‘no’ voters did not understand the treaty. Nationalist feelings were also amongst the most notable reasons for rejecting the treaty, 12% of the ‘against’ voters felt that this would keep the distinctiveness of Irish national identity (The Gallup Organization, 2008, p. 13). Irish rejection of the referendum also had its specific demographics, according to Smith(2008) the The Gallup Organization survey had shown that the urban working class, rural dwellers and the catholic right have formed an unusual alliance that led to the victory of the Euroskeptics. Year later in (DATE), 2009 after several amendments of the Lisbon treaty, on a second referendum, Ireland ratified the treaty. Citizens from France and The Netherlands rejected the Constitutional Tr There have always been controversies surrounding the treaties in the post-Maastricht era. Such practices did not pass by the Constitutional and Lisbon treaties. The rejection of these two treaties had a major political impact on Europe as a whole. 29th of May 2005, was a memorable day in the history of the European Union. That particular date is connected with the referendum in France, regarding the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty and most importantly with the ‘non’ votes that were louder than the ‘oui’ votes. The citizen’s voice clearly stated that further integration amongst member states shall not be perceived through the Constitutional Treaty. Furthermore, just two days later Dutch referendum also stated the same as French. These ‘non’(s) and ‘nee’(s) threw Europe into a constitutional crisis. Three years later, the Lisbon Treaty was about to change everything, a step closer to an ever-close union. The treaty wa s already ratified in number of countries. It was Ireland’s citizens turn to decide on that matter with a referendum. 12th of June 2008, was the very date that Irishmen said ‘no’ to the treaty. Both of those failures of the treaties sent shockwaves all over Europe. Number of articles and official barometer polls looked after the referendum to try to project the main reasons behind the rejections. Certain aspects of the implication that drove the French and Irish public to halt further integration between states, are more or the less the same. For example, aspects of lack of knowledge and understandment of the treaties due to their complexity, common nationalistic and political views, just to name a few, are fundamental ideas behind the ‘noes’. However, there are also significant differences in the implications... ...) of the voters highlighted the insufficient knowledge they had on the treaty. Furthermore, a survey carried out by Irish Times/TNS mrbi (cited in O’Brien & Oakley, 2008) showed that 30% of ‘no’ voters did not understand the treaty. Nationalist feelings were also amongst the most notable reasons for rejecting the treaty, 12% of the ‘against’ voters felt that this would keep the distinctiveness of Irish national identity (The Gallup Organization, 2008, p. 13). Irish rejection of the referendum also had its specific demographics, according to Smith(2008) the The Gallup Organization survey had shown that the urban working class, rural dwellers and the catholic right have formed an unusual alliance that led to the victory of the Euroskeptics. Year later in (DATE), 2009 after several amendments of the Lisbon treaty, on a second referendum, Ireland ratified the treaty. Citizens from France and The Netherlands rejected the Constitutional Tr There have always been controversies surrounding the treaties in the post-Maastricht era. Such practices did not pass by the Constitutional and Lisbon treaties. The rejection of these two treaties had a major political impact on Europe as a whole. 29th of May 2005, was a memorable day in the history of the European Union. That particular date is connected with the referendum in France, regarding the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty and most importantly with the ‘non’ votes that were louder than the ‘oui’ votes. The citizen’s voice clearly stated that further integration amongst member states shall not be perceived through the Constitutional Treaty. Furthermore, just two days later Dutch referendum also stated the same as French. These ‘non’(s) and ‘nee’(s) threw Europe into a constitutional crisis. Three years later, the Lisbon Treaty was about to change everything, a step closer to an ever-close union. The treaty wa s already ratified in number of countries. It was Ireland’s citizens turn to decide on that matter with a referendum. 12th of June 2008, was the very date that Irishmen said ‘no’ to the treaty. Both of those failures of the treaties sent shockwaves all over Europe. Number of articles and official barometer polls looked after the referendum to try to project the main reasons behind the rejections. Certain aspects of the implication that drove the French and Irish public to halt further integration between states, are more or the less the same. For example, aspects of lack of knowledge and understandment of the treaties due to their complexity, common nationalistic and political views, just to name a few, are fundamental ideas behind the ‘noes’. However, there are also significant differences in the implications... ...) of the voters highlighted the insufficient knowledge they had on the treaty. Furthermore, a survey carried out by Irish Times/TNS mrbi (cited in O’Brien & Oakley, 2008) showed that 30% of ‘no’ voters did not understand the treaty. Nationalist feelings were also amongst the most notable reasons for rejecting the treaty, 12% of the ‘against’ voters felt that this would keep the distinctiveness of Irish national identity (The Gallup Organization, 2008, p. 13). Irish rejection of the referendum also had its specific demographics, according to Smith(2008) the The Gallup Organization survey had shown that the urban working class, rural dwellers and the catholic right have formed an unusual alliance that led to the victory of the Euroskeptics. Year later in (DATE), 2009 after several amendments of the Lisbon treaty, on a second referendum, Ireland ratified the treaty.

Camera Phones and Invasion of Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Rese

Camera Phones and Invasion of Privacy    â€Å"New technology has†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.placed all of us in an electronic fishbowl in which our habits, tastes and activities are watched and recorded.† as told by Simson Garfinkel (Ojeda). In the 21st century it is easy to awe people with new technology. Take two popular gadgets, merge them into a single point-and-click device, and then watch the world go nuts over it. This is a fact that will never change. Technology in this world is growing every day and there are products being discovered every moment to satisfy the needs of the consumer or make their living more luxurious. Camera mobile phones are only a recent invention but they sure have the world going gaga over them already. Technology threatens privacy, but who doesn’t like technology? The teenagers of this generation are crazy behind new technologies of any kind such as a good music system for their rooms or good mobile phones with many features. Any such products within their reach will be in their hands in no time. All of these things are good, but in a way they are dangerous and threaten privacy. For instance if we do have a music system with a lot of wattage pumping out of it, the neighbor will surely come running after you because it threatens his or her privacy. In the same way, the mobile phones also have so many features; that some or the other feature might not be safe to use for the privacy of the public like a phone with an integrated digital camera. Although concept of introducing a digital camera in a mobile phone is a recent discovery, people today enjoy the luxury of this concept day in and day out all over the world. It may seem that a camera phone would be no different than having a cell phone and a camera, but in truth, ... ... crackdown on camera phones.† BBC News. 20 July 2004. 16 November 2004 . * Batista, Elisa.   â€Å"New Privacy Menace: Cell Phones?† Wired News. 17 February 2003.   16 November 2004 .   * Belson, Ken. â€Å"When Etiquette Isn't Enough, a Cell phone Cone of Silence.† New York Times. 7 November 2004:page 2. Week In Review Desk.   * Hamilton, Anita. â€Å"CAMERA PHONES.† Time. 2003. 16 November 2004 .   * Harvey, Fiona. â€Å"Camera Phones, Privacy Concerns Not Clicking.† Los Angeles Times. 3 November 2003:A19. Business. * Napolitano, Jo. â€Å" Hold It Right There, And Drop That Camera.† New York Times. 11 December 2003:Circuits.   * Ojeda, Auriana. Civil Liberties Text. Green heaven Press, 2004.

Cleopatra as a Historical Figure Essay -- William Shakespeare Literatu

Cleopatra as a Historical Figure In hieroglyphs, the name reads â€Å"Kleopadra†. It is a name which in Greek means â€Å"Glory of Her Race† (Weigall, 44). It is a name belonging to a woman who has transcended the boundaries of time so that we may know her story. What better way to describe Cleopatra, the last Queen of Egypt, Ruler of the Nile, sent from the Gods themselves to lead her people, than â€Å"Glory of Her Race†? Cleopatra, the last ruling descendant of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, has arguably unparalleled fame as a female historical figure. Yet we must ask ourselves: why? What is it about this individual that strikes us as so intriguing that we, like the Elizabethans before us, centuries ago, like the Romans two millennia past, should divert so much of our attention into construing the motivations behind the enigmatic figure that is Cleopatra? We must look not only to Cleopatra, but also to the historical events surrounding the last few years of her rule, in order to truly understand the historical significance bestowed upon her. It was a combination of the tumultuous political upheaval and civil unrest of Rome c.a. 40 B.C. that allowed Cleopatra to utilize her exotic mysticism and considerable political cunning to manipulate the situation in an attempt to fulfill her ultimately patriotic ideals. It is her vital and unique role in these hugely significant historical events that makes her equally indispensable in the annals of history. The land of Ancient Egypt has forever been a source of intrigue and mystery, both to the people who lived outside of its influence, and to those of us living thousands of years after the Pharaohs ruled the Nile. The dichotomy that existed during the time of Cleopatra between the West, Rom... ...ction).† The Norton Shakespeare: Tragedies. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katherine Eisaman Maus. London: Norton, 1997. 854-847. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Antony and Cleopatra.† The Norton Shakespeare: Tragedies. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katherine Eisaman Maus. London: Norton, 1997. 856-934. Volkmann, Hans. Cleopatra: A Study In Politics and Propaganda. London: Elek Books, 1958. Weigall, Arthur. The Life And Times Of Cleopatra. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968. Works Cited Deats, Sara Munson. "Rabbits and Ducks." Literature Film Quarterly 20.4 (1992): 284- 294 Rabkin, Norman. Shakespeare and the Problem of Meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago (Press), 1981 Shaw, William P. "Textual Ambiguities and Cinematic Certainties in Henry V" Literature Film Quarterly 22.2 (1994): 117-123

Ways to Learn Speak English

Ways to Learn Speak English We can speak English confident if we native language is another than English, because we live in a homogeneous country, where the diversity of races abound, thereby dialect, ways of thinking, living and acting, but in this country the universal language is English, spoken different accents, so if we aren’t native north American there are several ways to learn speak English, for example, the practicing, living with other people who speak native English, learn and study English sentences, and watching television.We can practice the language listening our favorite music in English, so we can hear a song several time, playing attention and repeating again and again singing the melody to memory, what matters is that you try to get the words, sing it loud and rhythm, on YouTube you can find your favorite song with lyrics in English, this will facilitate our pronunciation.When we live with native English speaks, we have the opportunity to repeat the word t hat we do not understand or find another way to explain what we want to communicate, this do not happen when we hear music, so we have the opportunity to enrich both our accent and our vocabulary finding synonyms o different words for same meaning, reproduce and repeating. Additionally, if we know different words we can make sentences.This will help that must practice with our friends native English speaking these phrases every day, so when we come to know many sentences almost that we could speak English fluently. Finally, we can learn speak English comfortably when we watch a favorite movie, so we Liliana2 have the opportunity to pay attention to intonation and return the movie and repeat a phrase or complete sentences, this is a wonderful idea, we can also choose some favorite series and try to listen understand and then, try to tell the story in our own words.In conclusion, the reliability in the English language is growing as it is practiced, in some schools use technological a dvances to develop the English language and it accent, but practice certainly plays an important fact in the development, so find our own technique in which we feel most comfortable and practice away.